marie‑antoinette von österreich‑lothringen
After Mirabeau’s death in April 1791, the queen turned to émigrés and friends outside France for help. The royal family had been compelled to leave Versailles in 1789 and live in captivity in Paris. Marie-Antoinette was queen of France from 1774 to 1793 and is associated with the decline of the French monarchy. After an initial slow start at the expected role of child-bearerâher husband apparently had to be coached in his role in thisâMarie Antoinette gave birth to her first child, a daughter, in 1778, and sons in 1781 and 1785. 1777 erhielt Marie Antoinette längeren Besuch von ihrem Bruder Kaiser Joseph II. She was particularly disappointing to her brother, the Holy Roman Emperor, for her inability to further Austrian interests in France. Marie Antoinette, however, remains an enduring symbol, around the world and across history, of the extravagance of monarchy and aristocracyâagainst which revolutionaries define their ideals. In this scandal, she was accused of having an affair with a cardinal in order to obtain a costly diamond necklace. Marie-Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen (Weitergeleitet von Marie_Antoinette) Marie-Antoinette (* 2. Marie-Antoinette was the youngest daughter of the Holy Roman emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa and was married to Louis XVI. The 11th daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa, Marie-Antoinette was just 14 years old when she was married to the dauphin Louis, grandson of France’s King Louis XV, on May 16, 1770. She is a former faculty member of the Humanist Institute. Updates? During the crises of 1789 as well as those to come, Marie-Antoinette proved to be stronger and more decisive than her husband. Marie Antoinette wurde am 2. Marie Antoinette (née Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna von Österreich-Lothringen; 2 novembre 1755 - 16 octobre 1793) était la reine de France, exécutée par guillotine pendant la … Lewis, Jone Johnson. Durch Heirat mit dem Thronfolger Ludwig August wurde sie am 16. In more than one sense, Marie-Antoinette was a victim of circumstance. November 1755 in Wien; † 16. Marie Antoinette (born Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna von Österreich-Lothringen; November 2, 1755–October 16, 1793) was the queen of France, executed by guillotine during the French Revolution. The scandal discredited the monarchy and encouraged the nobles to vigorously oppose (1787–88) all the financial reforms advocated by the king’s ministers. Her efforts, for example, to secure the return to power of Étienne-François de Choiseul, duc de Choiseul, in 1774 were unsuccessful. He ascended the throne in 1774 as Louis XVI. She hoped for foreign intervention to end the revolution and free the royal family. - Marie Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen (1755-1793) Queen Königin France Frankreich … After a crowd stormed the Bastille on July 14, 1789, the queen failed to convince Louis to take refuge with his army at Metz. Marie-Antoinette var en dronning af Frankrig. From birth, she lived the life of wealthy royalty, educated by private tutors in music and languages. The role that she played in French internal and foreign policy between the accession of Louis XVI and the outbreak of the Revolution has probably been much exaggerated. Two years later, the attempted escape of the royal couple from Paris was stopped at Varennes on October 21, 1791. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. 160 von Breguet, Zeigerseite. Marie antoinette the teenage queen was embraced by france in 1770. twenty three years later, she lost her head to the guillotine. Lewis, Jone Johnson. (2020, August 26). She is most known for supposedly saying "Let them eat cake," although the French quote translates more precisely as, "Let them eat brioche," and there is no proof that she said this. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Did Marie Antoinette say "Let Them Eat Cake"? Even her indulgence of the persistent requests of her favourites, such as Yolande de Polastron, comtesse de Polignac, did not entail a great drain on the treasury. May 1, 2012 - Document signed by Marie at Versailles in1783. Sie gab Unmengen für Mode und ausgefallene Frisuren aus, während die einfachen Franzosen immer ärmer wurden. Steckbrief. war sie vom 10. See more ideas about marie antoinette, marie antionette, french history. Popular hatred of Marie-Antoinette contributed to the monarchy’s overthrow in 1792 and to her and Louis XVI’s subsequent imprisonment. Stephan og Maria Theresia af Østrig, og blev i 1770 gift med Frankrigs kronprins, den senere Ludvig 16. Marie-Antoinette wurde als Erzherzogin Maria Antonia von Österreich geboren. LA Mayer Institut für Islamische Kunst. Barnave and the Lameth brothers were anxious to check the progress of republicanism and to bring the Revolution to a close, and they gathered like minds under the banner of the Club of the Feuillants. The fairy-tale Court of Versailles, presented through Marie-Antoinette by Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun, takes us into a idyllic world. Marie-Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen, Königin von Frankreich, Gemälde von Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun (1755–1842) Marie-Antoinette perpétuelle Nr. Marie antoinette (born maria antonia josepha joanna von Österreich lothringen; november 2, 1755–october 16, 1793) was the queen of france, executed by guillotine during the french revolution. By most accounts, she was a devoted mother. Paintings of the family stressed her domestic role. This duplicity paralyzed the pacific policy of the Feuillants and did not dissuade the émigrés from their more aggressive designs for the restoration of the ancien régime. Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna von Österreich-Lothringen; 2. The role Marie Antoinette played in French governmental affairs, both domestic and foreign, was likely greatly exaggerated. Die französische Königin Marie Antoinette wurde in jungen Jahren nach Frankreich verheiratet. Marie Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen und Dauphine von Frankreich. In foreign policy the aim of the Feuillants was to persuade the émigrés to return and to prevent Emperor Leopold II (Marie-Antoinette’s brother) from being committed to a counterrevolutionary crusade against France. Marie Antoinette was welcomed in France at first. She was only 14 when her parents had her married to the dauphin Louis, grandson of Louis XV of France, for diplomatic purposes. Louis XVI’s inability to consummate their marriage and the queen’s resultant childlessness in the 1770s inspired rivals—including the king’s own brothers, who stood to inherit the throne if she did not produce a legitimate heir—to circulate slanderous reports of her alleged extramarital affairs. M aria Antonia Josepha Joanna von Österreich-Lothringen – better known as Marie-Antoinette – was born in Vienna on 2 November 1755, on the … Her most intimate friend from this time onward was the princesse de Lamballe. Reconstruction of the necklace that was at the centre of the scandal known as the Affair of the Diamond Necklace (1785). Marie-Antoinette perpétuelle Nr. In August–September, however, she successfully prodded him to resist the attempts of the Revolutionary National Assembly to abolish feudalism and restrict the royal prerogative. Marie Antoinette war eine österreichisch-französische Adlige, Erzherzogin von Österreich und durch ihre Heirat mit Ludwig XVI. They called for an escape to the interior of France and an appeal for royalist support in the provinces. She was born on the same day as the famous earthquake of Lisbon. As with most royal daughters, Marie Antoinette was promised in marriage in order to build a diplomatic alliance between her birth family and the family of her husband. November 1755 in Wien; † 16. Marie-Antoinette was the youngest daughter of the Holy Roman emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa. Königin von Frankreich und Navarra (1774–1793), die beim französischen Volk nicht zuletzt durch die legendäre „Halsbandaffäre“ (1785) äußerst unbeliebt war. By the time he ascended the throne in May 1774, Marie-Antoinette had withdrawn to seek companionship and distraction among a circle of favourites and politically vulnerable companions whom she might have avoided if her private life had been more satisfactory. März 31, 2021 ... ob die Ehe je vollzogen worden war und entwickelte sich zur Staatsangelegenheit. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. Han var datter af Frans 1. In 1774, when her husband ascended the throne as Louis XVI, she became queen. Imprisoned with the king, Marie Antoinette continued to plot. Die Herrlichkeit von Versailles dargestellt von Marie-Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen, ist Symbol für eine sorgenfreie Zeit. Her second son, the future Louis XVII, was born in March 1785. Her charisma and lightness contrasted with the withdrawn and uninspiring personality of her husband. Marie-Antoinette, mixed-method colour print on two sheets of paper by Jean-François Janinet, print after Jean-Baptiste-André Gautier d'Agoty, 1777; in the British Museum. Uhren von LOUIS XVI stehen für Schweizer Qualität und einzigartiges Design. Her rejection of reform provoked unrest, and her policy of court resistance to the progress of the French Revolution finally led to the overthrow of the monarchy in August 1792. The family was imprisoned in the Temple on August 13, 1792, and moved to the Conciergerie on August 1, 1793. This was an important time in the history of the queen's prestige, since her extravagant expenses on her wardrobe created a great scandal in France. She urged her brother, the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II, to intervene, and she supported a French declaration of war against Austria in April 1792, which she hoped would result in the defeat of France. In October 1789 popular pressure compelled the royal family to return from Versailles to Paris, where they became hostages of the Revolutionary movement. The stigma of being a representative of Austria when a connection with Vienna was unpopular in France remained with her throughout her life. Biography of Marie Antoinette, Queen Executed in the French Revolution. Español : Retrato de la reina María Antonieta de Francia, 1775. In the 18 century, it was common for royalty and nobility to have large … Louis XVI was executed in January 1793, and Marie Antoinette was executed by the guillotine on October 16 of that year. von Frankreich, dieser wird 1793 hingerichtet, neun Monate später folgt ihm auch seine Frau, die Witwe Capet zum Schafott. 1777 erhielt Marie Antoinette längeren Besuch von ihrem Bruder Kaiser Joseph II. The fall of finance minister Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot in 1776 must be attributed to the hostility of chief royal adviser Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, comte de Maurepas, and to the differences that arose between Turgot and foreign minister Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, over French participation in the American Revolution rather than to the direct intervention of the queen. Marie Antoinette (geb. It begins with a request for payment for the billeting of officers. At the end of May she seemed to have intervened little in politics, as she was distracted by the illness of her elder son, who died early in June. Marie-Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen. This incident was all the more unfortunate for the queen’s reputation because, since the birth of her daughter Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte in December 1778 and of the dauphin Louis in October 1781, she led a quieter and more conventional life. It was with the assistance of the Swedish count Hans Axel von Fersen, French aristocrat Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, and royalist general François-Claude-Amour de Bouillé that the plans were laid for the flight of the royal family to Montmédy, on the eastern frontier. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/marie-antoinette-biography-3530303. "â often translated as "Let them eat cake!" Weitere Ideen zu marie antoinette, marie antoniette, lothringen. This article was most recently revised and updated by, Early life and role in the court of Louis XVI, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marie-Antoinette-queen-of-France, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Marie Antoinette, The World of the Habsburgs - Biography of Marie Antoinette, Web Gallery of Art - Biography of Marie-Antoinette, Marie-Antoinette - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Marie-Antoinette - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), What Pop Culture Got Wrong About Marie-Antoinette, Learn about the life of Marie-Antoinette and her execution by guillotine in 1793, Étienne-François de Choiseul, duc de Choiseul, Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, comte de Maurepas, Uncover the reality behind Marie-Antoinette's famous phrase, “Let them eat cake”. Kaiserin » Biographien » Marie Antoinette Marie Antoinette. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/marie-antoinette-biography-3530303. Her lavish spending, furthermore, did not significantly contribute to France's economic troubles before the revolution. - Marie Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen (1755-1793) Queen Königin France Frankreich Portrait Paris, Bligny 1770. The second part of the document is of note because it orders payment to "our tailor ordinaire." In 1770 at age 14, Marie Antoinette married the French dauphin Louis, grandson of Louis XV of France. Her sister Maria Carolina was married to Ferdinand IV, King of Naples, for similar reasons. Because of Louis XVI’s indecisiveness, Marie-Antoinette played an increasingly prominent political role. She never fully trusted Mirabeau, however, and the king refused to contemplate a civil war, which would have been the inevitable result of Mirabeau’s initial plans. Lamballe refused to take an oath against the monarchy, and on September 3, 1792, she was delivered to the hands of a Parisian mob; they cut off her head and paraded it on a pike outside Marie-Antoinette’s windows. As a result, she became the main target of the popular agitators, whose animosity contributed to the legend that, on being told that the people had no bread, she callously remarked, “Let them eat cake!” (“Qu’ils mangent de la brioche!”). Hol dir dein Lieblingsmodell! Gemälde Miniaturmalerei bei eBay. In May 1790 the queen reached out to the comte de Mirabeau, a prominent member of the National Assembly who hoped to restore the authority of the crown. 1789 beginnt die Entmachtung ihres Mannes, König Ludwig XVI. Das mit dem Kuchen habe ich nie gesagt – auch wenn ich zugeben muss, dass es gut erfunden war. November 1755 - 16. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our, Marie Antoinette and the French Revolution. 281 talking about this. Finden Sie Top-Angebote für Marie-Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen Ludwig XVI. Article Marie-Antoinette in Swedish Wikipedia has 66.0408 points for quality, 4548 points for popularity and 1 points for Authors’ Interest (AI) Though the first seven years of her marriage were childless, she then bore a daughter, Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte; two sons, Louis-Joseph and Louis-Charles (both of whom died young); and another daughter (who died in infancy). Her rejection of reform and resistance to the French Revolution contributed to the monarchy’s overthrow in 1792. Until her death, she supported the monarchy against reforms and against the French Revolution. Lewis, Jone Johnson. Als Königin von Frankreich verlor Marie Antoinette jeglichen Bezug zu Geld. In her youth, she was a pawn on the diplomatic chessboard of Europe, as France and Austria attempted to navigate the complex web of allegiances that shaped the continent in the wake of the Seven Years’ War. Porträt Marie Antoinettes, vermutlich von Jean-Baptiste-André Gautier-Dagoty, um 1775 (Musée Antoine-Lécuyer, Saint-Quentin) Marie-Antoinette (* 2. Her name is associated with the decline in the moral authority of the French monarchy in the closing years of the ancien régime, though her courtly extravagance was but a minor cause of the financial disorders of the French state in that period. After France declared war on Austria in April 1792, Marie-Antoinette’s continuing intrigues with the Austrians further enraged the French. November 1755; Geburtsort: Wien, Österreich Gestorben am: 16. She was charged with aiding the enemy and inciting civil war. After the Bastille was stormed on July 14, 1789, the queen urged the king to resist the Assembly's reforms, making her even more unpopular and leading to the unproven attribution to her of the remark, "Qu'ils mangent de la brioche! The family made several attempts to escape, but all failed. Biography of King Louis XVI, Deposed in the French Revolution, The French Revolution, Its Outcome, and Legacy, A History of the Palace of Versailles, Jewel of the Sun King, Female European Historical Figures: 1500 - 1945, Biography of Louis XV, Beloved King of France, War of the First Coalition in 1790s France, A Narrative History of the French Revolution - Contents, M.Div., Meadville/Lombard Theological School. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. As queen, Marie-Antoinette was always unpopular. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, Marie Antoinette was born under the much less French-sounding name of Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna von Österreich-Lothringen in German-speaking Austria. November 1755 in Wien; † 16. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Sie galt als höchst unbeliebt beim französischen Volk. August 1792 Königin … Biography of Marie-Antoinette, French Queen Consort, The Quote That Cost Queen Marie Antoinette Her Head, The Many Roles of Women in the French Revolution. It was ultimately her husband’s personal weakness and political nullity that forced Marie-Antoinette to play such a prominent political role during the Revolution. In foreign policy, she encountered the opposition of both Louis XVI and Vergennes in her efforts to advance Austrian interests, and it is certain that her brother, Emperor Joseph II, was gravely disappointed at her lack of success. Discredited by the royal family’s failed escape, Marie-Antoinette attempted to shore up the rapidly deteriorating position of the crown by opening secret negotiations with the leaders of the constitutional monarchists in the Constituent Assembly, namely Antoine Barnave and Theodore and Alexandre de Lameth. During this time the queen had been deprived of the company of many of her most intimate friends, as they had emigrated after the fall of the Bastille, but she continued to display great personal courage that sustained the royal family both then and throughout its later disasters. Hol dir dein Lieblingsmodell! They arranged for the king and queen to escape from Paris on the night of June 20, but Revolutionary forces apprehended the royal couple at Varennes (June 25) and escorted them back to Paris. Marie Antoinette was born in Austria, the 15th of 16 children born to Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Austrian Empress Maria Theresa. After her mother died in 1780, she became more extravagant, which led to growing resentment. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Name: Marie Antoinette von Österreich-Lothringen, geboren als Erzherzogin Maria Antonia von Österreich Geburtsdatum: 2. Jone Johnson Lewis is a women's history writer who has been involved with the women's movement since the late 1960s. Durch Heirat mit dem Thronfolger Ludwig August wurde sie am 16. Uhren von LOUIS XVI stehen für Schweizer Qualität und einzigartiges Design. In October 1789, the royal couple was forced to move from Versailles to Paris. Her alleged remark “Let them eat cake” has been cited as showing her obliviousness to the poor conditions in which many of her subjects lived while she lived decadently, but she probably never said it. She was also unfortunate that the timid, uninspiring Louis proved to be an inattentive husband. Though the queen had supported Jacques Necker’s return to power at the end of August 1788 and had approved of the concession of double representation to the Third Estate, her unpopularity was at its height when the Estates-General convened at Versailles in May 1789. Deutsch: Königin Marie Antoinette von Frankreich, 1775 English : Portrait of Queen Marie Antoinette of France, 1775. Oktober 1793) war die Königin von Frankreich, die während der Französischen Revolution von einer Guillotine hingerichtet wurde. Oktober 1793 in Paris) wurde als Erzherzogin Maria Antonia von … Marie Antoinette (born Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna von Ãsterreich-Lothringen; November 2, 1755âOctober 16, 1793) was the queen of France, executed by guillotine during the French Revolution.