over the hump age
[103] Each base was assigned both daily and monthly tonnage quotas to move over the Hump based on the type of aircraft it operated and its distance from the "Chinaside" airfields, as the crews referred to their destinations. Each station had a fresh maintenance crew trained for a specific service task, including engine run up, inspections, cleaning, technical repair, and servicing, a process that took nearly a full 24-hour day per aircraft to complete. Over the Hump: the Coming of Age of 2Lt. Save. It procured most of its officers, men, and equipment from the AAF, augmented by British, British-Indian Army, Commonwealth forces, Burmese labor gangs and an air transport section of the Chinese National Aviation Corporation (CNAC). As an Army Air Corps pilot, Constein flew 96 missions at the controls of a C-46 transport, ferrying 55-gallon drums of gasoline "over the hump" from India to China. Increased pain in the back in 29% of the women studied was caused by loss of height due to increasing Dowager’s Hump, and more than 50% of adults who have lost height report having back pain. Before organized search and rescue, crews had been lost for weeks, sometimes months. Like the C-87, they were not popular with their crews,[az] since they were very difficult to land when fully loaded, particularly at airfields such as Kunming's above 6,000 feet (1,800 m) in elevation, and often demonstrated unstable flight characteristics when all eight cargo tanks were full. The China Wing C-47s were assigned to haul newly trained Chinese troops from North China to Yunnan Province. Its 76 C-47s were augmented in January 1943 by the addition of three Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express transports (a derivative of the B-24 Liberator), which increased to 11 in March and a projected total of 50 by the end of the summer.[63][v]. On 22 June Col. Robert F. Tate (who like Haynes was a bombardment officer) was named to replace Haynes, but he was also in charge of the Trans-India Command in Karachi and remained in that capacity. 67. "Be like a duck, paddling, and working hard in the water, but what everyone sees is a smiling, calm face." He lived to reach the very respectable age of 92 and became a good friend. Its poor cockpit illumination was inadequate for bad weather flying and often failed during instrument takeoffs, its electrical and hydraulic systems frequently froze at high altitude and malfunctioned, and its flight deck heating system was prone to produce either stifling heat or none at all. At least 80 were involved in major accidents between September 1944 and August 1945. [6][7] Hardin returned to the India China Wing in February 1944, just as the first of a trickle of four-engined Douglas C-54 Skymaster transports arrived in theater (see Operations on the low hump and in China below). [38][k] In July, CNAC quadrupled its tonnage to 221 tons, but 10AF C-47s brought only 85 net tons[l] of materiel and personnel into China. Inside the plane wasn’t great either. Of the six pick-up fields, only Myitkyina South was capable of night operations,[148] and troop carrier C-47s were used to shuttle troops there during the day for ICD aircraft to fly over the Hump at night. [ac], The severe shortage of crews led to pleas from Alexander for additional personnel. The 51st arrived in India on March 12. Gen. Claire L. Chennault. Das Foto stammt von Thomas Stachelhaus; das Cover gestaltete Dan Kelly in Zusammenarbeit mit so.wie?so!. He considered ICD's safety record to be his greatest achievement. [21], On 23 April 1942, Colonel Caleb V. Haynes, a prospective bombardment group commander, was assigned to command the Assam-Kunming branch of the India-China Ferry, dubbed the Assam-Burma-China Ferry Command. Edgar E. McElroy (Doolittle Raider), C-47 pilot, David Elvin Nelson (1920-), Santa Rosa, California, surviving pilot and last surviving founder of, LT COL W.E. We’re here twice a month to give you the events happening in the area each weekend. 6 (APO 629 New York) on 1 December 1943 when for flexibility ATC no longer fielded groups or squadrons as units. [2][165], The Curtiss C-46 Commando began to fly India-China missions in May 1943. All rights reserved. Martin's role in boosting morale during the final year of the airlift was significant. Table 211 - ATC Operations From Assam, India to China (Over the Hump): Jan 1943 to Aug 1945", "Background Information / Curtiss C-46 Commando", "Flying Safety Officers launch Intensified Drive", "Trojan Run Takes C-54 Over Hump Twice Gaily", "Blackie's Gang' Instills Confidence in Air Crews", Imphal, The Hump and Beyond (Combat Cargo groups), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Hump&oldid=1005157178, World War II operations and battles of the Southeast Asia Theatre, Aerial operations and battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2014, Articles with dead external links from September 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, "In conformity with recently announced War Department policy and to provide more efficient operations of the India-China transport line the First Ferry Group will be taken over on December 1st by AAF Air Transport Command. Posted on April 21, 2020 June 4, 2020. Between 5 December 1944 and 5 January 1945, C-46s and crews were attached to the Tenth Air Force to augment "Operation Grubworm". ICD flew 1,648 sorties, delivering 25,136 troops; 2,178 horses; and 1,565 tons of materiel; for a total of 5,523 tons. [67] The 308th Bombardment Group reached its base at Kunming on 31 March 1943 and began two months of "reverse Hump" operations, flying round trips to India to acquire the gasoline, bombs, parts and other materiel it needed to stockpile before flying combat missions. A former test pilot and a Hump veteran, Capt. The capture of Myitkyina allowed ICD C-54s, which had ceiling limitations that precluded flying Route Able (the High Hump),[2] the regular use of a second, more direct route, designated Route Baker but unofficially dubbed the "Low Hump".[128][129]. I also hump my couch, the corner of my kitchen table, pillows, teddy bears, or just about anything I can. [29][180], When Tunner took command of ICD, he was dissatisfied with the existing search-and-rescue set-up, deeming it "a cowboy operation." Gen. William Old, who had flown the initial mission over the Hump in 1942. [91] To illustrate the various organizational changes affecting the India-China airlift, the unit at Chabua under 10AF deployed overseas as the 1st Ferrying Group. The India China Division also had an operational training unit at Gaya[96] and used the service depots of the China-Burma-India Air Service Command at Panagarh, Agra, and Bangalore. Das Album kam a… Getting through Wednesday means we're over-the-hump on the work week. Living for years with osteoporosis left her bones thin, weak, and fragile. These groups carried more than 20,000 tons in July and 11,000 tons in August. For now, we’ll be here two times a month. Weather permitting, Stonebridge’s ice rink is open! [94] The India-China airlift continued beyond the end of the war. The peaks of the Hump were waiting; the pilots called them "cumulo-granite"...[30]. Similarly, Headquarters Squadron, Eastern Sector, India-China Wing, established at Chabua on 16 September 1943 to administer the headquarters of the airlift, was redesignated the Headquarters Squadron, Assam Wing on 1 July 1944 when ATC reorganized itself into "divisions" and "wings"; and Squadron A, 1325th AAF Base Unit (HQ Assam Wing) on 1 August 1944.[91][98]. [148][at] This was the relocation of the 14th and 22nd Chinese Divisions, located in reserve on the Stilwell Road near Myitkyina, to bases around Kunming. The group began with 75 transports, but thirteen were diverted to the Middle East en route to India. CNAC pilots made a key contribution to India-China flight operations. So far about 40% of those have received the first dose of either the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine. India's highway and river systems were so undeveloped as to be unable to support the mission, leaving air as the only practicable way to supply China in anything resembling a timely fashion. Concurrently it also cancelled all overseas contracts with the civil air carriers except those in the Western Hemisphere. The operation began in April 1942, after the Japanese blocked the Burma Road, and continued daily to August 1945, when the effort began to scale down. John was Peggy’s dad, my father-in-law. Check out these Wednesday (the best day) quotes. Tunner made extensive use of over 47,000 local laborers[100][101] and utilized at least one elephant to lift 55-gallon fuel drums into the aircraft. Cole remained in the CBI as a Hump pilot until 29 April 1943 and was the pilot of the first C-87 mission over the Hump. The humpback has a distinctive body shape, with long pectoral fins and a knobbly head. Apathy became widespread and morale dropped to a "dangerous point," with the feeling among the troops that as part of the Tenth Air Force, they were "illegitimate children". [25][106] The accident toll increased in the two months that followed, with 69 planes lost and 95 crewmen killed. [60], After reviewing the evaluation, the Air Transport Command on 13 October offered to take over the operation. John was a Hump pilot, and this meant that he flew perilous supply missions from India across the mountains into China. RT Live #31 Over the Hump...with Ronnie the Car Guy Talking cars and car crews and other things! Not fit enough to finish a beginner lap in approximately 2 minutes. It’s Wednesday and we’re over the hump! Even though only five sets were approved, and there was no delay in transferring personnel to operate them, the equipment was lost. Hardin advanced to command of the ICW on 21 March 1944 when Hoag was transferred to head ATC's European Wing. While Chennault complied, he did not believe that the Japanese strikes originated there and the rift between him and Tenth Air Force grew wider. [166][168] Performance of the Commando was enhanced when camouflage paint, standard on all AAF aircraft until February 1944, was removed to reduce weight and provide five extra knots of speed. The 51st Fighter Group was nominally responsible for fighter protection, but two of its three squadrons had been stripped of their aircraft and personnel in July to equip the group's third squadron and round out the newly activated 23rd Fighter Group, both in China with the CATF. Tapped in the spring of 1944 to succeed Hardin, he selected his key staff and made a theater inspection trip in June that included piloting a C-46 over the Hump. As a result of these efforts, President Roosevelt directed that the Presidential Unit Citation be awarded to the India-China Wing. [100], Slowly, however, an airlift of unprecedented scale began to take shape. In particular the lack of replacement tires and spare engines held down operations even after eight of the C-47s sent to the Middle East returned in August. [3] Olds and his staff had founded the Air Corps Ferrying Command in June 1941 and pioneered overseas military air transport, including use of the South Atlantic air route by which aircraft, personnel, and cargo would reach India from the United States. Hail, sleet, and torrential rains lashed the aircraft. It’s Wednesday and we’re Over the Hump! [178], The high number of losses resulted in the formation at Jorhat in July 1943 of one of the first search and rescue organizations, nicknamed "Blackie's Gang." The fearful losses suffered by the ICW in the first seven weeks of 1944 prompted Arnold to send C. R. Smith on an emergency inspection trip to India, where Smith met with Hoag. [25] This collective inexperience required ICW to create an in-theater OTU near Karachi to qualify new arrivals, taking 16 experienced pilots and eight to ten aircraft away from the airlift. Base of the 13th Ferrying Squadron until the end of the dry monsoon. [40], On 17 June 1942, Haynes continued on to China to take up an assignment as bomber commander of the China Air Task Force, Tenth Air Force's eastern appendage commanded by Brig. [115][am] An average of 332 flights to China was scheduled daily. XX BC turned to ICD for additional support when its target date for commencement of missions was repeatedly postponed. It was eventually traced to Natal, Brazil, where it have been unloaded and then forgotten. Q: In a recent column, you referred to the “hump of toddlerhood.” Can you please explain further?. Col. E. H. Alexander is being designated Commanding Officer of the India-China Wing, Air Transport Command, with selected professional operator as Assistant. The C-47s were those internally based in China. traduction over the hump dans le dictionnaire Anglais - Français de Reverso, voir aussi 'bend over',bind over',blow over',boil over', conjugaison, expressions idiomatiques The group was activated in India in March without personnel or equipment and was assigned to the operational control of the Tenth Air Force over the objections of the commander of ATC, who feared that its planes and crews would be steered into combat units, which did in fact occur at times. Over the Hump - by: Father Charlie by St. Thomas Church - Ennis | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for educators, nonprofits, businesses and more We started hella early, I mean not even just twenty something. In my opinion the best chapter whas the one dealing with the practical difficulties of flying "over the hump", like the adverse weather, the logistics, the many mechanical problems of new aircraft types, how and when the Indian airbases were constructed and how the tonnage grew from a mere hundred tons a month to over 70.000 tons (!) The India–China airlift delivered approximately 650,000 tons of materiel to China at great cost in men and aircraft during its 42-month history. Chiang's foreign minister, T. V. Soong, estimated that 12,000 tons of materiel could be delivered monthly by air from India if 100 C-47 Skytrain-type transports were committed to an airlift. " Over the hump," meaning beyond the midpoint or most difficult part, was in print in 1914. East of the Mekong the terrain became decidedly less rugged, and the elevations more moderate as one approached the Kunming airfield, itself 6,200 feet (1,900 m) above sea level.[12][29]. 2021 SEASON OPENER: He got over the hump, the hardest thing for a beginner to do, and although he knows better than to take anything for granted, it looks like it’s all downhill from here. Creating an airlift presented the AAF a considerable challenge in 1942: it had no units trained or equipped for moving cargo, and no airfields existed in the China Burma India Theater (CBI) for basing the large number of transports that would be needed. The Brahman has a humped back, long, drooping ears and loose skin. [2] Im Oktober 1995 erschien eine weitere Version, diesmal vertrieben von EMI. [55] In June 1943, following small, sporadic raids during the dry season, the entire fighter strength of the India Air task Force, amounting to less than 100 P-40s, was organized as the Assam American Air Base Command (later the 5320th Air Defense Wing, Provisional), specifically to protect the Assam airfields. Ok, technically I’m supposed to be on day 30 and running behind. [114], In July 1945, the last full month of operations, 662 aircraft of the India-China airlift delivered 71,042 tons, ICD's maximum monthly tonnage. [13], Tenth Air Force was hampered by a constant diversion of men and aircraft to Egypt, where Nazi Germany was threatening to seize the Suez Canal. Author and ATC pilot Ernest K. Gann recalled flying into Chabua and witnessing four air crashes in one day: two C-47s, two C-87s and 32 killed. Although the arrangement did not result as feared by ATC in undue influence by Stratemeyer's staff on Hoag's, the ICW commander had never flown the Hump himself as a result and received all his information from written reports. [186] Tunner, writing in Over the Hump, described the significance of the India-China Airlift: Once the airlift got underway, every drop of fuel, every weapon, and every round of ammunition, and 100 percent of such diverse supplies as carbon paper and C rations, every such item used by American forces in China was flown in by airlift. 50 & over: 12-15mi: 3: Single Speed: All Ages: 12-15mi: 3: Men’s Sport 29: 29 and under: 12 … [150], Grubworm lifted 25,009 Chinese troops, 396 Americans, 1,596 draft animals, 42 jeeps and 144 pieces of artillery in 24 days of flying.